Table of Contents: Volume 17; Issue 07; July 2025

Gold panning is an illicit gold mining activity that involves the uncontrolled use of toxic chemicals such as cyanide and mercury. The pollution generated by these two chemicals has negative repercussions on the environment and the health of populations living near illegal mining sites. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental impact of the use of mercury and cyanide in illegal gold panning in Djekanou. To this end, four (04) quarterly water, sediment, and soil sampling campaigns were conducted. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen levels of the water were measured in situ. Mercury concentrations were determined in the water, sediment, and soil using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Cyanide contents in different matrices were determined using a UV-visible photospectrometer (WFJ-752, China). Mercury and cyanide concentrations in surface water of the gold mining area range from 0.015 to 0.063 mg/L and from 0.04 to 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Mercury contents in sediments and soils range from 0.94 to 4.25 and from 0.96 to 4.71, respectively. As for cyanide, concentrations in sediments and soils range from 0.11 to 3.96 and from 0.96 to 4.71, respectively. The results obtained show that water, sediments and soils are contaminated by mercury and cyanide due to waste sludge released into the environment during ore washing. Mercury concentrations in water, sediments, and soils sometimes exceed WHO guideline values, thus constituting real sources of exposure for local populations and animal and plant species.

Impaction of a permanent maxillary central incisor is rare and often presents a significant esthetic and functional concern, especially in growing individuals. This case report highlights a unique presentation of an impacted maxillary central incisor associated with a compound odontome, which impeded the normal eruption pathway. Clinical and radiographic examinations confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical removal of the odontome followed by orthodontic traction of the impacted incisor was planned and executed successfully. This report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management to achieve optimal esthetic and functional outcomes.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CM-I) is a congenital anomaly involving cerebellar tonsillar herniation that has been reported to be linked with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long-term psychiatric outcomes post-surgical correction remain poorly understood. Case: We report a novel case of new-onset bipolar I disorder with psychotic features in an adolescent, occurring over 8 years after surgical decompression for CM-I. The patient had no prior psychiatric history and presented with mania, psychosis, and auditory hallucinations. Conclusion: This rare presentation points out the possibilities for delayed psychiatric sequelae in patients with CM1 even after early-life neurosurgical interventions, emphasizing the necessity of long-term neuropsychiatric monitoring.

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries CCTGA and Double Outlet Right Ventricle DORV are two complex congenital heart defects affecting the structure and function of the heart. CCTGA is characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance allowing for relatively normal circulation despite the anatomical abnormalityi In contrast DORV occurs when both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise predominantly from the right ventricle often accompanied by a ventricular septal defect VSD leading to variable degrees of oxygenation impairment and cyanosis ii. We are reporting a rare case of CCTGA with DORV in a young 32 year male was admitted with difficulty breathing since childhood on exertion . 2D ECHO and cardiac MRI suggestive of CCTGA WITH DORV with late complication eisenmengerization.

La surutilisation de produits chimiques permet de maximiser les performances économiques et de production d’une part, mais d’autre part, leur toxicité peut avoir des impacts considérables sur l’environnement, la santé humaine et animale. La migration vers des systèmes de production agroécologiques est donc une alternative. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer les pratiques agroécologiques par les producteurs dans les Préfectures de Labé, Pita et Dalaba. L’outil Kobocollect a été utilisé pour mener les enquêtes. L’analyse descriptive des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel IBM SPSS 22.0 et la représentation des graphiques à l’aide de Sigma plot version 12.5. Les résultats ont montré que96,80% des producteurs utilisent des fertilisants organiques. Les superficies des exploitations en cultures vivrières et fruitières.Dans les préfectures de Pita (37,5%) et Dalaba (38,1%), moins de producteurs emploient les pesticides comparativement à la préfecture de Labé où 72,73% des producteurs font recours à l’emploi des pesticides. Les producteurs adoptent les systèmes : agrosylvopastoral, sylvopastoral et agropastoral. En somme, les résultats prouvent à suffisance que ces producteurs adoptent les pratiques agroécologiques évoluant dans le système d’exploitation d’une agriculture durable.

Introduction: Gall Bladder is one of the most frequently received specimens in histopathology lab & its diseases may present with varied spectrum from inflammatory & non inflammatory lesions to invasive neoplasms. Gall stones are a common health problem affecting millions of people. The most common diagnosis in cholecystectomy specimens is chronic cholecystits. GB carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis especially if diagnosed late. Hence, detailed histopathological examination of every cholecystectomy specimen is important. Aim and Objective: To evaluate different histopathological patterns of Gall bladder lesion and to record the frequency of neoplastic lesions. Material & Methods: A retrospective study of 3 years with total of 200 cases was studied. All cases that underwent cholecystectomy were included in the study. Autolysed specimens were excluded from the study. Result: Out of 200 cases, 150 cases were females and 50 males. The most common age group was 31-40 years. Chronic calculouscholecystitis was the most common histomorphological variant in the study. 5 cases of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder were also observed. Conclusion: Disease of gall bladder require prompt surgical intervention. The most common presentation is chronic cholecystitis which is established risk factor for adenocarcinoma of gall bladder. Therefore meticulous histopathological examination remains crucial in the detection of premalignant andmalignant lesions.

Background: Collagen membranes are widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) due to their biological properties, but their rapid degradation and poor volume stability limit their effectiveness. Cross-linking methods are employed to enhance the mechanical properties and degradation time of collagen-based materials. Methods: This review examines various collagen cross-linking techniques, including glutaraldehyde, genipin, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), chitosan, temperature, UV light, enzymatic methods, and nanoparticles. The structure, preparation, and properties of collagen-based materials are discussed, with a focus on comparing these cross-linking approaches. Results: The review highlights that each cross-linking method, such as glutaraldehyde, genipin, EDC/NHS, and others, modifies collagen’s mechanical strength and degradation resistance differently. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic cross-linking techniques are analyzed, showing variations in their impact on biocompatibility and structural stability. Conclusion: Cross-linking enhances the properties of collagen membranes, but no standardized method exists for creating a robust, biocompatible collagen matrix. The choice of cross-linking technique depends on specific application needs, and further research is needed to optimize these methods for tissue engineering applications.

This study explored the perceptions of physical education (PE) teachers regarding cheerleading as both an emerging sport and a professional industry within educational settings. Grounded in Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory, specifically his concepts of Cultural Capital, Field, and Habitus, the research examines how teachers' perceptions toward cheerleading are shaped by their institutional environments, professional backgrounds, and broader sociocultural norms. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, the study engaged 15 purposively selected PE teachers from Senior High Schools and Colleges of Education (COE) through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework, revealed distinct differences in perception: Colleges of Education teachers viewed cheerleading through the lens of athleticism, performance discipline, and professional potential, aligning it with competitive sports, while Senior Secondary School teachers emphasised its inclusivity, recreational value, and role in student engagement. Both groups acknowledged the performative and social dimensions of cheerleading but differed in their recognition of its legitimacy and career prospects. Institutional and societal barriers, including curriculum exclusion, limited funding, and gender stereotypes, were found to hinder the promotion of cheerleading in schools. The study recommends the inclusion of cheerleading in PE curricula, professional development for teachers on emerging sports, and policy interventions to address gender biases and institutional constraints. These steps are essential to reposition cheerleading as a valuable educational tool and viable career pathway within the school sports ecosystem.

Kiran Desai is the prominent representative writer of postmodern period and her novels focused on social issues like unemployment, gender discrimination, identity crisis, environmental degradation, man nature conflict, societal pressure, middle class life and spiritual rebirth. Kiran Desai explored Indian and foreign culture which correlate from different perspective for instance social discrimination, social justice, cultural differences, societal norms, religious and spiritual events etc. Hullaballoo in Guava Orchard is the story of middle class boy Sampath Chawla who is an employee of post office and earning livelihood but his inner voice is different which instigate him to run away from social responsibilities and boredom middle class life of Shahkot. Kiran Desai analyse the framework of social cultural issues and local Indian life of middle class people which explores their inner and outer characteristics along with their social, political and spiritual life.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounting for a significant portion of cases. Osteoarticular TB, particularly involving the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the foot, is rare and often leads to delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity due to its insidious presentation. The management of such cases is complex, requiring prolonged anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and sometimes surgical intervention. Treatment adherence is critical for successful outcomes; however, non-adherence remains a major challenge contributing to disease relapse and the emergence of drug resistance. Clinical pharmacists, as integral members of the healthcare team, play a pivotal role in optimizing treatment outcomes through patient education, medication management, monitoring adverse drug reactions, and promoting adherence. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 24-year-old female presenting with pain and swelling in the left foot, initially diagnosed with tarsal-metatarsal bone TB and secondary osteomyelitis. After undergoing surgical debridement and commencing standard ATT, the patient discontinued therapy prematurely. She returned with recurrent symptoms including pain, swelling, low-grade fever, and a discharging sinus. Investigations confirmed active infection with rifampicin-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ATT was restarted alongside wound management and adherence counseling. Discussion: This case highlights the complexities of managing extrapulmonary TB and underscores the critical role of clinical pharmacists in improving patient adherence and preventing treatment failure. Through targeted pharmaceutical care interventions and collaboration within multidisciplinary teams, clinical pharmacists help mitigate complications, support prolonged therapy requirements, and improve clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist involvement is essential in the comprehensive management of osteoarticular TB to enhance adherence, monitor therapy, and ultimately reduce relapse rates and drug resistance. This case exemplifies the need for integrated care models in managing complex TB cases.